The official figures

The English Housing Survey models what each home would cost to heat and power under standard conditions. For 2022 it reports (EHS 2022-23):

Band	Modelled energy cost a year (2022)	Per month, divided by 12
A to C	£1,081	about £90
D	£1,561	about £130
E and F	not published separately	–
G	£2,662	about £222
All homes	£1,434	about £120

The monthly column is our own division of the yearly figure. It is not in the survey.

How to read them

They are modelled, not billed. The survey uses the SAP method with standard occupancy and heating patterns, and fuel prices from the SAP price library. A household that heats fewer rooms or works from home will pay a different amount.
They are averages. A large detached C house can cost more to run in total than a small D flat, so compare your own certificate, not just the letter.
They are 2022 figures. Energy prices have changed since, so treat the gap between bands as the useful part, rather than the pound amounts themselves.

The gap between bands

On the survey's figures, a band D home costs about £480 a year more to run than an A to C home. A G home costs about £1,580 more. Set those gaps against the cost of improving: the survey puts the average cost to reach C at £6,002 from D and £17,354 from F or G (EHS 2024-25). Simple division gives a payback of more than ten years for a typical D home on bill savings alone. Single measures vary widely around that average, so use your own figures.

Your home's own figure

Your EPC gives typical energy costs for your property (GOV.UK), along with the improvement steps. Find it on the register. This figure fits your home better than any national average.

Work out a payback

Put a measure's cost, any grant and the yearly saving shown on your certificate into the payback calculator above. It divides the net cost by the saving. If the payback is longer than you expect to stay in the home, the value comes from the band itself: for a landlord, staying legal to let; for a seller, what buyers see on the listing.

By band

Band C: the planned target for rentals.
Band D: 35% of homes in England in 2024.
Band E: the lowest band you can let without an exemption.
Bands F and G: cannot be let without an exemption.